What Are PDUs and Why Are They Used in Data Centres?
Power Distribution Units (PDUs) are widely recognised as a core part of the power infrastructure within data centres and server rooms, server rooms, and equipment racks. They distribute electrical power from a main source to several pieces of equipment such as servers, switches, storage devices, and communication hardware.
In environments where continuous availability is essential, PDUs help ensure safe and consistent power delivery across IT systems. Without structured power management, system stability can be compromised.
How Do PDUs Work?
A standard power supply often connects to only a small number of devices. Modern IT facilities, however, require electricity for large numbers of units operating at the same time. PDUs address this need by allowing a single input power source to provide electricity to multiple outlets.
This enables IT teams to manage power delivery across racks without installing separate power supplies for each item. As a result, infrastructure remains organised and simpler to oversee.
Rack Mounted PDUs
PDUs are typically installed within equipment cabinets. Rack mounted PDUs can be placed either vertically or horizontally, depending on the available space.
- Vertical PDUs usually extend along the rear of the rack and supply electricity without using equipment mounting space.
- Horizontal PDUs are mounted within rack units where space is available.
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The choice of installation depends on cabinet design and overall load demands.
Types of PDUs
Standard PDUs
Standard PDUs provide simple electrical distribution without additional monitoring features. These units are suitable where power management is handled through external systems.
Metered Units
Metered PDUs include integrated meters that show load levels and allow technicians to monitor power usage. This lowers the risk of overloads by providing visibility into electrical demand.
Switched Units
These advanced units allow individual outlets to be turned on or off remotely. In the event of equipment failure, IT teams can reboot hardware without being physically present at the cabinet, reducing service disruption and supporting maintenance.
Environmental Monitoring
Stable rack conditions inside server racks is important. Some PDUs include sensors that measure temperature and humidity. These readings help facilities teams identify overheating risks before equipment becomes damaged.
Consistent monitoring supports hardware performance and reduces the likelihood of system failure.
Load Balancing Capabilities
Balanced power distribution is another important function of PDUs. By distributing electrical demand across different circuits, PDUs help prevent one power source from becoming overloaded. Evenly distributed loads improve system stability and lower the chance of electrical faults.
Integration with Backup Systems
Many organisations rely on uninterrupted system availability for daily operations. PDUs often form part of wider backup systems that may include uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and standby generators. When combined with these systems, PDUs help maintain continued operation during electrical interruptions.
Maintenance and Safety
Regular checks of PDUs helps ensure electrical safety. Technicians should examine input connections, outlet integrity, and cable management within each rack. Scheduled assessments supports compliance with workplace safety regulations and reduces the likelihood of electrical hazards.
Why PDUs Remain Essential
As data centres continue to expand, the role of PDUs remains essential. Reliable power distribution maintains the performance of network infrastructure and protects equipment from electrical risk. With appropriate installation and monitoring, PDUs help maintain consistent performance within modern IT environments.